Short chronology of Ancient Egypt

Kubarev V.V., Short chronology of Ancient Egypt, East European Scientific Journal (Warsaw, Poland), #6 (46), 2019 part 4. Pp. 30–58. Link: https://eesa-journal.com/wp-content/uploads/EESA_june_4-part_6.pdf

Summary: The history of Ancient Egypt generated in XIX century, every day finds out all greater discrepancy to modern realities both the newest archeological and tool data, including results of DNA researches of mummies of the Egyptian pharaohs. The chronology of Egypt as whole is considered well investigated and however it has been created for substantiation of an antiquity of Jewish people, instead of for scientific description of one of most ancient terrestrial civilizations. Author's reconstruction of chronology of Ancient Egypt has found out time shift at rate 1780 years in depth of centuries from true dating events. Key words: chronology, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Rome, Pharaohs, Tutankhamen, DNA-Genealogy.

Statement of problem: Modern researches of Egypt specify that average speed of natural destruction of pyramids and ancient monuments of Egypt does not corresponding to dates of an origin of these. Dendera’s Zodiac is not entered in dating official chronology of Egypt. In burial places of pharaohs, including Tutankhamen, artifacts of the Arabian origin, and also a fabric and subjects from the Volga region are found out. DNA-Researches of mummies of pharaohs have attributed governors of Egypt to Germanic, Haplogroup R1b. Localization of Lower Egypt in mouth of Nile does not find due acknowledgement in the found out artifacts. Besides archeological researches of territory of Israel under the direction of the General archeologist of Israel Ze’ev Herzog have shown, that in Palestine is not found any artifact, ancient then I centuries. All these facts speak about lying paradigms of chronology of Ancient Egypt.

The analysis of the last of research and publications: Publications on chronology of ancient Egypt becomes less, ostensibly on the basis of good this level of scrutiny. However on this background appears more and more information, entering in the contradiction with an official historiography of Egypt. For example, more than hundred mummies of pharaohs have been investigated with help by DNA technologies. All of them appeared the German origin is ethnos Haplogroup R1b. Egyptologists are not capable to explain the similar facts.

Allocation unresolved before parts of the general problem: As whole the traditional chronology of Ancient Egypt is not authentic and is based on adjustment of real historical events to false time scale and the narrowed geographical frameworks.

The basic material: For the decision of task in view we shall use a paradigm of occurrence of a modern human civilization in the Volga region about 5500 years ago. For the first time such hypothesis was put forward by Maria Gimbutas in 1956 [1–4]. In author's researches in 2009 we have confirmed the specified theory having adhered her to an outline of historical events of the past [5]. According to our calculations, in chronology of Ancient Egypt chronological shift on 1790 years is found out by page 90–91 [5]. The further researches of the author have shown that the figure is overestimated to 10 years and it is necessary to correct the average chronological shift on 1780 years.
Let's assume that the chronological intervals of board of separate Pharaohs established by historians up to the end of the New Kingdom of Egypt are true. A starting point of restoration of dynastic lines we shall take the information from Abydos King List of Ancient Egypt, cut on wall of temple of Seti I in Abydos. It totals 76 cartouches the Egyptian tsars, since Menes and finishing Seti I [6]. We shall notice, that the Egyptian list contains only names of Pharaohs, dates of board in it are not present. We know only time of creation of these lists within board of Pharaohs of Seti I and Ramesses II is end V and the beginning of VI century of our era, page 117–119 [5].
The list of Pharaohs heads Menes or Meni. We identify it with the known Bible and historical character. Some scientists assert, that Menes has invented writing, actually Egyptian hieroglyphs, that is, that he is an author of idea to represent speaking figures. We shall look on cartouche at number of 1 Pharaoh Menes in Abydos List. On the vertical tablet three figures are represented from top to down: a rectangular with vertical strip on the top party, wavy snake and sign similar on oar or rudder of the ship. These signs are translated as "mn" and "j". We believe that the name of Pharaoh Menes bears in itself the exhaustive information on his origin. We think that the sign "mn" means Flood, Noah Ark and his inhabitants. The sign "j" means a name of Pharaoh Menes – Mizraim. We believe that the figurative cartouche Menes designates Helmsman of peoples.
According to our reconstruction of history of page 44–45 [5], the Flood has happened about 1250–1200 BC. The tragedy precisely corresponds to dating and consequences of Accident of the Bronze age in 1206 BC [7].
Menes was born in the city Tinis (like Egyptian), and actually – in the known city Tanais that stood on place of a mouth of the river Don. The configuration of the Seas and Oceans of that time essentially differed from modern outlines, page 127 [5] (look Figure No. 1 below). On our hypothesis of page 128 [5], Menes/Meni it is identified with the leader of Trojans Aeneas who also was born in the city Tanais on Don. After defeat in Trojan War in 1184 BC (Trojan War it agrees Eratosthenes is dated 1194–1184 BC), refugees were directed to Africa in the country on Nile (later the Upper Egypt) which have successfully won. In view of our researches leaves, that Aeneas and Menes is the same person. He had also other names: Bible name Mizraim, Egyptian name Narmer. According to mythology Aeneas–Menes was the descendant of Dardanus, the ancestor of people Dardanus in northwest of Asia Minor. Menes in the Egyptian history has received name Narmer. Probably Narmer was the Pharaoh of the African state on Nile which was prostrate conqueror Menes–Aeneas.

After victory, having left in Egypt small garrison, Trojans have moved further, – on the ancestral home – in the Volga region. Their route ran through a passage connected in the past Mediterranean Sea with Indian Ocean (on a place of modern Suez Canal), further – through Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf. After that they have got in passage, (located on territory of modern Iran) which connected Indian Ocean to Caspian Sea. Further ships Aeneas was floating on the north of Caspian Sea, and has moored in mouth of Volga. Thus, after long navigation, Aeneas and Trojans again arrived on the ancestral home where the nature began to heal the wounds put to it by the Flood.
According to a hypothesis of the author, Aeneas was the ethnic European / German, Haplogroup R1b. On this basis we can assert, that the first tsars of Alba Longa and Pharaohs of Egypt were ethnic Germen, as well as a part of elite of Rome. Ancestors of Ugrian and Germen initially lived in the Volga region and Southern Ural. The part from them before the Flood has moved in area of Dardanelles, having based an advanced post.
During this historical period in Bulgarian the annals German peoples II volume are mentioned, page 11 [8] – Cimmeriams which were association of four German-speaking tribes (Bulgarian named them "dout" – "four", or "Camirci") – ancestors of some German peoples (it is Goths, Cimbri, Teutons, etc.). Besides according to II vol., page 64 [8] the name "Cimmeriam" occurs from old Bulgarian nicknames of Hittites the "Cumar" – "yellow or a lucid mind", and "Teutones" – from another Bulgarian nicknames Hittites "dout ion" is "four tribes". The author believes, that people Dardanus was a part of Cimmeriams tribes from Kuban and Don.
On Herodotus, Menes has built the big embankment, has rejected current of the huge river, that is Volga (Bulgarian name Ra or Itil/Atil), and has directed water in old channel. On the extracted area between sleeves of Volga the Pharaoh has constructed a fortress the Inbu-Hedj (literally White walls, subsequently the Memphis), becoming an imperial residence. Names the Inbu-Hedj and Alba Longa are isomorphic. To the south from a wall the sanctuary of local god Ptah (Ptah-to-south-from-wall-his) which remained the god – patron of this city during all his ancient and long history has been built.
Let's note that mouth of Volga this unique place in the world where the ancient rests of the hydraulic engineering construction largest on the ground – man–made island Akhtuba (White Hill) with channels were kept. Length of Island about 450 km, width from 5 up to 10 km, the general area – more than 20 thousand sq. km, the area of arable lands – 7 thousand sq. km. We shall notice, that prior to the beginning of XX century in mouth of Volga – Akhtuba crocodiles were found.
However on Volga there are no pyramids, but there are huge barrows and sanctuaries of a bronze age, for example, Mamayev Kurgan (Tumulus) in height of 102 m and Sanctuary Trekhostrovskoe of a cult of fire in diameter of 150 m (XIII–VII century BC). Is Sanctuary we identically as Roman Vesta Temple. Egyptian analogue of Vesta is the goddess of home Bastet, later Hathor. Names Bastet and Vesta are isomorphic. In Greece Vesta named Hestia. On our hypothesis Mamayev Kurgan at place of bifurcation of Volga (Ra, Itil) on two channels – Ra and Akhtuba it is pyramid Menes–Aeneas. For three thousand years the Kurgan has decreased in sizes up to modern height of 102 m. Distance between Mamayev Kurgan and Sanctuary of Vesta is few tens kilometers only. The Sanctuary at place of antique ship channel between Volga and Don with direct output from Volga through Don, Azov and Black Sea in the Mediterranean is located. Distance between the rivers here 52 km. The channel can extend from the Mamaev Kurgan on the West to the Don on the route of the Volgodon–2: Yerzovka–Gracci–Pansino (next to the Sanctuary of Vesta). Near to the Sanctuary there is a Rumyn-Hill. The name of Rome on Bulgarian is Rum, therefore mountain refers to Roman. Besides in the same place there is mountain from limestone Mare’s head. Outlines of mountain remind the Sphinx. So, constructions in thousand years of have collapsed. We believe that all these artifacts of an antiquity – Mamayev (Aeneas) Kurgan, Sanctuary of Vesta, Rumyn Hill and Mare’s head Hill are certificates of existence on Volga and Don ancient Roman and Egyptian civilizations.
Not without reason Ovid in Metamorphoses wrote about Rome: “Here proceeding, the river on equal shares parts; the Island on it is named; from both parties it is identical Tiber has extended Equal two sleeves, the ground embrace…” We believe that the question is the river Akhtuba and Island Akhtuba in the Volga region, instead of tiny patch the grounds on Tiber in Italy.
In delta of Nile there are no hints on existence of such structure. Therefore the Lower Egypt settled down in a lower reaches of current of Volga, on northern Caspian Sea, and the Upper Egypt was in Northern Africa and Nile lay along a watercourse. What that time after a Flood the Upper and Lower Egypt incorporated Sea artery through Caspian Sea and Persian Gulf. Then on place of the dried up natural channel the overland road has been laid. The second Sea way between two states was through the channel from Volga to Don, Pontus – Black Sea, Bosporus, Marmara and Mediterranean Sea. Because of remoteness of the Lower Egypt Pharaohs many centuries have been compelled to contain huge fleet. The elite of the state carried out winter on Nile in Africa, and summer – on Volga. In due course contours of the Seas have changed, passages have disappeared, and the Sea way from the Lower Egypt to the Upper Egypt on Volga has stopped existence. This event happened to beginning V century BC, That has coincided with the beginning of republican board in Rome and has ended with exile of Pharaohs to the African Egypt.

Mamayev Kurgan - Pyramid of Aeneas-Menes. View from Volga - ITIL - RA.


Mamayev Kurgan - Pyramid of Aeneas-Menes. Top view - pyramid-shaped hill.


Trekhostrovskoe (Three-Island) Sanctuary - the Sanctuary of Vesta, river Don, XIII-VII century BC.


Mare's head mountain. Sphinx on the Don (near the Sanctuary of Vesta).


Rumyn-mountain or Roman mountain on the Don (near the Sanctuary of Vesta).

Near to a fortress the Inbu-Hedj or Alba Longa in 753 BC have been incorporated the huge city of Rome–Memphis. Consider that the first name Memphis has appeared in annals only in XXIII century BC that is at the account of the chronological shift received by us on 1780 years, in VI century BC. Probably, this name occurs from name Meryre Pepi I, a funeral complex of the Pharaoh of VI dynasty Pepi I. In Egypt Memphis was known also under name Ankh Tawy (Life of two grounds), or Yti Taui (Uniting two ground), that as if emphasized his strategic position on border between the Upper and Lower Egypt. Actually the city simply lay between two grounds divided by current of Volga, the river Ra named in the past. Ancient toponym the Akhtuba (Akh Tuba, White Hill) is isomorphic to Egyptian name Ankh Tawy.
According to our reconstruction [5], we localize the place of erection of fortress Alba Longa – Inbu-Hedj in the Island Akhtuba opposite the village Selitrennoe. Alternative localization of a fortress is Mamaev Kurgan. In 753 BC on the mainland and island side of Akhtuba was built Rome–Memphis. In the Bulgarian Chronicles [8] it was called Itil or Ulak Urum (Rum). After the decline of Rome and Egypt and migration to Europe, the city of Itil became the capital of the Khazaria, and then the Golden Horde called Sarai Batu. More than 600 thousand people lived in the city for many thousands years. Ivan Terrible destroyed the walls of the city, which had a length of 12 km and a depth of 6 km sector on the island and 18 km and a depth of 8 km sector in the mainland. According to Egyptologist Francis Aleksandrs Balodis the total area of the city was 36 sq. km.
Now dating of board of Pharaohs of Egypt strongly varies. We begin to be guided by chronological data Jürgen von Beckerath [9] and the average data on several Egyptologists. During the New Kingdom of Egypt we shall use also chronology on E. Hornung [10] and to R. Parker. It agrees background Jürgen von Beckerath, Menes rules Egypt per 2999–2952 BC. We shall take into account displacement of chronology of Egypt received by us on 1780 years downwards and we shall receive true value of years of board Menes 1219–1172 BC. The flood has happened on the Earth for some ten years before reign Meni. Thus we know, that Aeneas has gone to a campaign from Troy in 1184 BC and, on our hypothesis, the same year has grasped the state in northern Africa in delta of Nile. We understand, that dating of events in so remote past can differ from true values however as a whole they will give the true description of a history. Besides board Menes, Aunts and Iti carry to one period. It is logical to address to dating board Aeneas under the Roman chronicles – Aeneas/Menes reigned till 1176 BC, therefore the period of board of Pharaohs Teti and Iti concerns to range of 1172–1149 BC or on the Roman sources 1176–1138 BC. Dating of board of tsars of Alba Longa and Rome coincide with dating reign of Pharaohs of the Inbu-Hedj and Memphis, however the quantity of tsars differs. Probably, Bulgarian the name of Volga – Itil goes on behalf name of second Pharaoh Iti.
All data known to us on Pharaohs we shall reduce in the Table No. 1, consisting of several columns. The first column is a serial number of the Pharaoh even if it has not got in the official list, but the data on it were kept in a history. The second column is number of the Pharaoh on Abydos Table. Then we shall result a name of the Pharaoh, the following column is a well–known name of the Pharaoh if it exist. In the fifth column we shall note the Roman name of the Pharaoh or tsar. In the sixth column we shall specify the information on the known historical events happened within board of the given Pharaoh. We shall close the table column with dates of board of Pharaohs. If years of their board decrease, means, we deal with BC epoch. At increase of years, – that is years our era. Board dates are always determined by the reduction of official dates by 1780 years. Explanatories to acts and years of board of Pharaohs and them attribution with the Roman Emperors and tsars will be given below.

Let's note the moment of occurrence of the name of the state Egypt in honor of one of Pharaohs. In beginning I millennium BC tsar Atys Silvius of Alba Longa rule. His name on Ovid is Alba Silvius Epitus, and agrees on Eusebius is Egypt (Aegyptus). To him we corresponds Pharaoh Weneg (cartouche 12).
We believe that for chronological binding of Pharaohs IV and V dynasties well approach dating Egyptologist Donald Redford [11]. We take terms of board of Pharaohs from dating of Manetho [12]. We shall note that Manetho veins during Ptolemy epoch in first half of III centuries BC, therefore his data on duration of board of Pharaohs come to end on XI dynasty which corresponds to Ptolemy’s. Later notes of Manetho are a fake.
The first tsars of Egypt and Alba Longa were ethnic Germen, Haplogroup R1b. However with the advent of Rome and the Roman tsars in 753 BC Pharaohs became ethnic Ugrian, Haplogroup N1. The first Ugric on throne of Egypt began Romulus, the founder of Rome. To him there corresponds Pharaoh Userkaf (733–726 BC). Chronicles of Egypt directly inform [13], that Userkaf were one of three twins who have been given birth Raddjedet, the sister of priest, from the god of Sun is Ra. On a legend the twin became the new Pharaoh. In the other source the question is two tsars – twins. Besides tsar Userkaf before accession was familiar with Pharaohs Khafra, Menkaura and Shepseskaf.
The legend about Romulus (771–716 BC) and Remus (771–754 BC) is well–known. Twins were chthonic children of Vestal Virgin Rhea Silvia from god Ares (Mars) and grandsons of Zeus (Jupiter). The myth proves to be true a legend Bulgarian chronicles about the tsar who has been brought up she-wolf [8]. Events of the period of the termination of board Khafra and the Roman chronicles are isomorphic and coincide on time frameworks (board Userkaf 733–726 BC). The name of mother Rhea – Raddjedet also coincides.
In days of board of Pharaoh Kakai, it is tsar Numa Pompilius, in the beginning of VII century BC, in Rome became popular a Vesta cult of fire. Near to place of division of Volga and Akhtuba the unique Sanctuary Trekhostrovskoe (Three–Island), by diameter 150–200 m (with fosse), devoted to home and cult of fire and dated VII centuries BC now was kept. In the center of the Sanctuary was special to bake with inextinguishable fire in diameter of 40 m.
The period of the Roman tsars and Pharaohs of Ugric origin comes to an end board Lucius Tarquinius Superbus. It has been turned out by Romans in 509 BC and has died in exile in 494 BC. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus there correspond to Pharaoh Pepi I (553–505 BC). The relations between two removed regions of Egypt completely have stopped in V century BC owing to political and geophysical factors (drying of Sea passages in Suez and Persia).
After these events to the Volga region, authority of the Egyptian Pharaohs has remained only in Africa. The name of the lost region in Europe (Volga region) appears in toponyms of delta of Nile, further bringing mess in geographical treatments. The ethnic accessory of Pharaohs VIII–X of dynasties is unknown. Equiprobably they were Germen or Ugrian.
According to our reconstruction of a history [14], after a gain and the unit the Roman breeding leaders of Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, India and the North of Africa carried of an official history by an epoch Alexander the Great, Ptolemaic dynasty a rule Egypt in IV–I centuries BC.
Reign of Ptolemaic in view of shift on 1780 years, fully complies with the Middle Kingdom of Egypt [15]. Dating of board and names of Pharaohs in it the period are exposed numerous edit of official Egyptologists, that mix–up a true history of Egypt and Roman–Hellenistic essence of the Supreme authority of the state of the end of the first millennium BC.
The most exact dating of the Middle Kingdom 2056/2046−1798/1797 BC. On Jürgen von Beckerath [9], E. Hornung [10], R. Krauss and D. Warburton correspond to 275–14 BC our reconstruction.
Ptolemy I Soter are identical to the Pharaoh of the Second Intermediate Period – Intef II Wahankh (2103–2054 BC [9], actually 323–275 BC). The official history carries board Ptolemy to 323/305–282 BC when originally it served as the satrap of Egypt. Then the transition period connected to board of senior children of Ptolemy and transition of authority to the first official Pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom from Ptolemaic dynasty – Ptolemy II Philadelphus (275–224 BC) which started to reign up during lifetime of the father.
Further conformity of board of Pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom with 57 up to 65 cartouche Abydos King List [6] with Ptolemaic tsars becomes obvious [14], the data are resulted in the Table No. 2 below.

The following interesting moment of our reconstruction is an identification of woman – Pharaoh Neferusobek (1798–1794 BC, actually 18–14 BC) with Cleopatra Selene II – the daughter of the world famous queen Cleopatra VII. Under the official version of a history, Cleopatra VII of rule together with brothers Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV about 22 years also has died of poisoning with poison. It turns out, that co-ruler of Cleopatra VII was Pharaohs Amenemhat III and Amenemhat IV.
On our hypothesis, Ptolemaic is ethnic Ugrian, Haplogroup N1. Genetic tests of mummies of Pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom can confirm or deny this version.
Reign Ptolemaic has ended with occupation of Egypt by Romans, and the Middle Kingdom of Egypt has come to the end with capture Egypt by Hyksos. Therefore Hyksos it is Romans. Occupation of Egypt by Romans – Hyksos proceeded more than 250 years. Only at Ahmose I, it is the Roman Emperor Gordian III with the African origin, in 238 Egypt again became the independent state. Gordianus were not Egyptians on birth, this dynasty – branch of sort of Latin tsars / German origin from Rome, Haplogroup R1b1. Distinctive feature of dynasty Gordianus and their descendants as Pharaohs, – the huge size of auricles. In 238 the epoch of dynasty of tsars on the Egyptian ground managed again to return to Egypt lost possession in Memphis–Rome, in territory of the Volga region began. The Latin dynasty tsars have died away in Egypt with the termination of the New Kingdom of Egypt in VII century. Then Pharaohs of Egypt got on throne as a result of political intrigues court noble and overseas conquerors. Greatness of Egypt gradually died away, in the middle of VII century the great Empire has collapsed on splinters, and to the beginning of IX century completely degraded, Egypt became easy extraction for overseas aggressors – Umayyad, Abbasid and Fatimid.
Let's stop in detail on chronological binding of the Egyptian history to a world history. It is based on the facts of our reconstruction [5].
The epoch of Hyksos corresponds, under the official version of history, 1715–1554 BC [9–11], but actually 55 BC – 226. Consider that Hyksos are “tsars – shepherds”. Actually, they are Volga region nomads from Ancient Rome, and it is mix of different peoples – Germen, Goths, Turks, Ugrian and Mongols – Slavs. They have attacked Egypt at Emperor August in end of I century BC. The board Hyksos last more than 200 years, down to 238. Romans have introduced to Egypt the new weapon and an armor, deities and words of Turkic and Semitic origin. Names of Pharaohs – Hyksos correspond to names of the Proconsuls appointed by Rome.
One of them from Severan Dynasty was Septemius Severus, it was born in Africa, in Leptis Magna (Emperor 193–211), historians believe that it has constructed Hannibal mausoleum, and became the Roman Emperor, though itself from the soldier. Septemius has died in 211. After him has come to power Caracalla (211–217), which killed brother Geta (211–212) and became unique Emperor. Since time of gain August of Egypt this country was in especially deprived of civil rights position. Septemius Severus has returned to Pharaohs visibility of self–management, and Caracalla not only has given to them the right to borrow the state posts in Rome, but also for the first time has entered the Egyptian into the senate. After Caracalla to authority in Rome there has come Emperor with Semitic name Heliogabalus (218–222) – from a caste of priests, but soon it has been replaced with his cousin Alexander Severus (222–235). Last was lost from hands the soldier near to Mainz in 235. At this time the Roman deputy has come to power in Egypt.
Intef VII (Antef VII) Nubkheperre rules as was considered, in 1571–1560th BC, and actually in 209–212. After him the chapter of the Egyptian province and the proconsul of Rome became his son – Tao I.
Tao I, rules as considered, in 1578/1555–1573/1554 BC, actually in 212–216. Wife Tetisheri has birth the son Tao II Seqenenre (Brave).
Tao II Seqenenre (Brave) reign, as consider in 1569–1554 BC, and actually in 221–236.
Tao II Brave has lifted revolt against the Roman invaders in 232, this date coincides with official dating the beginning of revolt in the African province of Roman Empire against Severan dynasty which in the Egyptian sources name Apepi (Apophis) board 1585–1545 BC, actually Severan board 193–235, is the last Hyksos in Egypt.
At comparison of the Roman and Egyptian sources it is found out, that Tao II Brave is identical to proconsul Gordianus I in Egypt, which has lifted revolt to separate Egypt from Roman Empire. It is known, that after numerous bloody collisions the authority in Egypt has remained with grandson Gordianus. Means after Tao II Brave was reign by his son Kamos.
Origin Gordianus is covered with secret. On our hypothesis his father is Lucius Cossonius Eggius Marullus, in 198/199 the proconsul of Africa. At Lucius the son is legate Cossonius Scipio Orfitus was also.
Kamos was considered, that rules in 1555–1552 BC, actually in 235–238, corresponds to Gordianus II. It actively was at war against Romans – Hyksos, lost in fight. After him to authority has come Ahmose I, still the young man.
Ahmose I, rules in 1552–1527 BC, actually 238–263, the brother or son of Kamos and the son or grandson Tao II Brave, on the Roman sources is identical to Gordianus III.
Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus – the Roman Emperor notable origins (descendant of Gracchi). Was the rich and educated person, was fond of poetry and itself wrote verses (in youth has written Antoninias in 30 books, singing both Antonius – Pius and Aurelius). When in 238 in Tisdra (El Djem) the procurator of Emperor Maximinus Thrax, inhabitants have been killed, be like afraid punishments, have proclaimed Gordianus as Emperor. The Roman senate has confirmed this election, having declared hated with all Maximinus, former then in Pannonia, the enemy of fatherland. The 80–years Gordianus reigned together with son Gordianus II, only 36 which days to have proclaimed August. In struggle against Moorish deputy Capellanus the son was lost, and father in despair itself has deprived with itself life, having hung up.
Ancestors of Gordianus were Gracchi (Gracchus) – ancient Rome notable family [16], a branch of new Optimatus aristocracy, skin of Sempronii. In Russian nickname Gracchi sounds as Rooks. The first Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus was in II century BC two times the consul and once the censor.
Son of Gordian African is Gordianus II, except for noble origin, differed erudition and beauty. His library totaled about 60 thousand books. It began military service at Heliogabalus, at Alexander Severe acted praetor, and at once after this has received also consulate. At Maximinus it has been sent legate – to Africa to the father – proconsul.
Gordianus III (Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius; 225–244) is the Roman Emperor in 238. Son of Gordianus II or, that is more probable, – the son of daughter of Gordianus I (in the latter case the name of his father is not known, as well as name which it carried before acceptance of an imperial title in honor of the grandfather). Gordianus was born on January 20, 225. After murder of his trustees – co-rulers Pupienus and Balbinus has been declared Praetorians by Emperor at 12–years age. Gordianus III has refused imperial ambitions in Rome and has remained the Pharaoh of Egypt with name Ahmose I, board of 1550–1525 BC, actually 240–263/265, has lived up to 263, instead of was lost in 244. Peripeteias of life of three Gordianus correspond to details of biographies of Egyptian Pharaohs Tao II Brave, Kamos and Ahmose I.
Amenhotep I as it is considered rules in 1527/1525–1506/1504 BC, actually in 265–286. His full name Dasa–ku–Ra Amenhotep is translated as Magnificent Double Ra, Amun is pleased. Owing to minority the Pharaoh, regent had been appointed his mother is Ahmose-Nefertary. Having matured, Amenhotep has attacked Nubia, having expanded possession of the Empire. It and Syria, having grasped there attacked rich trophies. In Karnak the Pharaoh has constructed a huge temple gate and statue.
Thutmose I board in 1504–1492 BC, actually 286–298, probably, son Ahmose I from minor (not main) wives Senseneb. Name Thutmose in Egypt transcriptions sounded as Thoth is born. Throne name Thutmose I was Great display of double Ra. It turns out, that Thutmose and his wife Mutnofret were the summary brother and the sister from the son or the grandson of Roman proconsul Gordianus by name Ahmose. Pharaoh Thutmose I has organized a number of military campaigns. In the beginning it has won Nubia and has completely ruined her, then has gone on the north. Has passed without resistance Palestine and Syria, has reached the southern grounds Naharin or Mitanni that is Babylon or Persia (in our hypotheses it is Caspian and Volga Regions).
Rome appeared on the verge of disintegration because of an impact of barbarians – Egyptians from Africa. The huge values seized by Egypt during campaigns to Nubia and Asia, an annual tribute conquered areas have enriched the African state. It first of all was reflected in architecture. Active temple construction was conducted on all Nile valleys. Lineal heirs of the Pharaoh have died before the father, probably, it there were consequences of an incest. To Pharaoh Thutmose I wife Mutnofret has born son Thutmose II, and wife Ahmose has born daughter Hatshepsut. For the lack of successors Thutmose II married to his summary sister Hatshepsut.
Thutmose II board is 1492–1489 BC, actually in 298–301. At him was two daughters – Neferure and Meritra, and from lesser wife Iset – the son future great conqueror Thutmose III.
Rules Thutmose II no more than 3 years has died still young, struck any illness. Many historians consider, that the real authority during this period of board of the Pharaoh was at Hatshepsut, as has allowed it to take with such ease authority in the hands in 18 months after death of the husband, having deprived Thutmose III throne. Mummy Thutmose II has been found in temple complex of his wife in Deir el–Bahari.
Hatshepsut board in 1490/1489–1468, 1479–1458 or 1503–1482, actually 301–322 – the woman is Pharaoh of the New Kingdom of Egypt. Before accession carried the same name (Hatshepsut, that is Foremost of Noble Ladies) which has not been changed and at its accession to the throne. Queen Hatshepsut was the daughter of the third Pharaoh of dynasty Thutmose I and queen Ahmose. Means, she had the grand daughter to the founder of the New Kingdom of Egypt – to Pharaoh Ahmose I, actually that is – Gordianus III. During lifetime of father Hatshepsut became Wife of the God – the Supreme priestess of Thebes’s god Amun. Sculptural images of tsarina testify: she looked as the European, beautiful woman. It had only one native sister – Neferubity, and also three (or four) younger stepbrothers – Wadjmose, Amenmose, Thutmose II and, probably, Ramose, – sons of its father Thutmose I and queen Mutnofet. The successor of a throne became Thutmose III which count son Thutmose II and Iset, however in our opinion, Iset as Roman name Hatshepsut and it its own son, instead of the stepson.
Thutmose III Menkheperra is the sixth Pharaoh of the New Kingdom of Egypt, board in 1490/1468–1436; 1479–1425 or 1504–1450 BC on the different data, and actually 301/322–354. On May 3, 1479 BC, actually 301, the juvenile Pharaoh, acting simultaneously and ritual functions of Amun priest in the main temple of the god in Thebes, have been discharged of a throne by legitimist party which has enthroned the successor ancient imperial blood of Hatshepsut. After its death in the beginning 322 Thutmose in revenge for deprivation of his authority has ordered to destroy all data on it and all its images however could not put it serious harm Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el–Bahari: the statues of queen placed in temple have been broken some, however construction has not suffered. Thirty meters obelisks of Hatshepsut in Karnak have been incorporated on command Thutmose III masonry, and its name should be buried in oblivion – it were beaten out from cartouches and replaced with names Thutmose I, Thutmose II and Thutmose III.
Having received full rights on a throne, Thutmose III has decided to carry out a historical revenge and to become the owner of Roman Empire, as well as his ancestors Gordianus, in fact after their board has passed no more than 80 years. The first Rome was in northeast from Egypt – in the southern Volga region, is higher than modern Astrakhan (Ostia in the past). At this time Rome has strongly grown up, that did his defenseless in case of an attack of enemies. In Bulgarian chronicles Rome on Volga referred to Ulak Urum (Rum) [5, 8].
The Pharaoh has directed the first campaign against Syria and Palestine, the help which was rendered by the tsar of Kadesh considered as the successor Hyksos. Kadesh is Constantinople, and tsar of Kadesh not who other, as Constantine I Great. Under the Egyptian chronicles, Mitanni tsar Shaushtatar has been broken, and after capture of capital his capitulation has been accepted and the peace treaty on which Egypt has received unprecedented tribute on the size is signed.
Second campaign of Thutmose III has directed to the Volga region and in 324 has grasped Rome in which any more did not remain Emperors as last Roman Emperor Diocletianus has died in 313, and new Emperor of New Rome in 323 became Constantine I Great. According to the Roman chronicles, the Empire has stopped the existence in 324. Besides this year monetary circulation of all Roman Empire [17] was upset, gold and silver coins have disappeared. Thus, the barbarians who have destroyed Ancient Rome began the Egyptians supervised Thutmose III – is descendant of Gordianus (Emperors of Rome on III century) and Gracchi (consuls in II century BC). The Pharaoh has transformed the first Rome into northern capital – Memphis. So the southern Volga region again became a part of Africa and the Lower Egypt. Thutmose III has constructed the comfortable roads from the Upper Egypt – on Nile up to the Lower Egypt – on Volga. Note again that after the V century BC the place names of Lower Egypt in the Volga region moved to the Nile Delta.
Thutmose III continuously conducted wars in the seized territories, for 20 years of the rough activity it has subdued all East Mediterranean, however Kadesh – Constantinople and has not obeyed it. Constantine the Great flexible policy and his successors pacified the terrible Pharaoh. Egypt has turned to the powerful world power stretched together with subordinates to it by territories from the north – east on a southwest on 3500–4000 km. For information only, the archaeologist Nikolay Veselovsky found in tumulus in the Kuban, the figure of Imhotep in 1912.

The figure of Imhotep, found by archaeologist Nikolay Veselovsky in 1912
in tumulus on the village Marinskaya, Kuban area, near Pyatigorsk.

Mummy of Thutmose III has been found out in 1881 in a hiding place in Deir el–Bahari, near Mortuary temple Hatshepsut Djeser-Djeseru. Near to his mummy bodies Ahmose I, Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Thutmose II, Ramesses I, Seti I, Ramesses II, Ramesses IX (we think, that Ramesses III), and also of some governors – Siamun, Pinedjem I and Pinedjem II have been found out. Genetic researches of mummies of Pharaohs have shown that they are ethnic Germen, Haplogroup R1b. After death of father Thutmose III to authority in the Egyptian Empire there has board his son Amenhotep II.
In chronology of the following three Pharaohs the big mess is observed. We believe that she is caused by desire of historians to clean the unpleasant facts which are connected to the Exodus of Jews – Israelis from Ancient Egypt. For recoveries of this period we shall be guided by the data and hypotheses [5]. On our reconstruction within board Thutmose III it was born Ugrian Khagan Arbat (346–402), Leader Moses becoming later Emperor Theodosius Great [5].
Aakheperura Amenhotep II is the seventh Pharaoh of the New Kingdom of Egypt, board in 1438/1436–1412/1397 BC, actually in 354–378. Manetho allocates to him 25 years of board [12] we count 24 years only. Hi are the son and the successor of the powerful Pharaoh of Egypt, Thutmose III, and his wives Meryetre, daughter of Hatshepsut. Amenhotep the military genius of the father has not inherited, but was distinguished by inconceivable cruelty, which fact of presence at son Thutmose III despised. Thutmose and Meryetre were the brother and the sister officially summary from mother Hatshepsut therefore their general son has received in the inheritance certain genetic defects at birth.
Amenhotep II the beginning of the reign has lead in campaigns, suppressing continually arising "mutinies". The detailed description of these campaigns was kept in the most interesting inscription which has been found out on a place as was considered ancient "Memphis" on Nile. The inscription asserts that the Pharaoh most advantageously was at war with Mitanni. We believe that Romans – Israelis have immediately lifted revolt against the Egyptian invaders after death Thutmose. Therefore Amenhotep it was necessary to go far on the north for putting in order in 1425 BC or actually in 355. It is known that it together with commander–in–chief Amenemheb has drowned in blood revolt Roman on Volga, in Memphis–Rome, having forced "Mitanni" tsar to ask for mercy and in punishment has captivated more than 100,000 "Mitannians", has taken out 1,660 pounds of gold, probably, repayments for rich Romans. The official history asserts, that this campaign by the results too successful to start to doubt of his reality. However wild barbarity of Egyptians is available: in captivity some ten thousands enemies and simply peace inhabitants (the Egyptian material sources of this period fix large inflow of labor in the Upper Egypt) have been stolen if and not hundred, at least.
These events are joined to a Bible history about the Egyptian slavery of Israelis in days of youth Moses. On our reconstruction of history Moses–Dux Moesiae –Theodosius–Arbat already there were 9 years, it was born in Rome – Memphis in 346 and was brought up at court yard of Pharaoh Thutmose III.
Several years ago were considered, that in 355 Egyptians had been brought an obelisk of Pharaoh Thutmose III and is left on quay of Constantinople where has lain 35 years up to 390. In that year Emperor Theodosius the Great has established an obelisk on the Hippodrome. According to the Egyptian chronicles, obelisk of Thutmose III has been started to be produced during his life, and finished in the beginning of board Amenhotep II. Now the information on transportation of an obelisk in 355 is considered doubtful, that is incorrect.
Thutmose IV (Menkheperura) rules per 1397–1388 BC or actually in 378–390 is Pharaoh of the New Kingdom of Egypt. Board Thutmose IV is marked not by large–scale wars, and construction of huge temples in honor of god Amun and other constructions; – it could allow itself as successful aggressive policy of grandfather Thutmose III has removed all potential contenders of Egypt in foreign policy activity.
After the accession in the beginning 378 Thutmose IV has faced a new problem. Khagan Arbat has persuaded the young Pharaoh to release a part of Roman–Israelis from slavery and to release to their relatives and brothers on belief in the Byzantium Empire in Kadesh – Constantinople. First Easter of Israelis was in the spring 378 (probably, in April). Then refugees have collected things and have left northern capital of the Egyptian Empire under leadership of future Moses. The Exodus of Israeli people coincides with first wave of Migration Period of Caucasus peoples [5]. Huns, Gotha and Germen it also is refugees Romans – Israelis.
The young Pharaoh has equipped unique for all time of reign military expedition on the north. The official history asserts that it had to go deep far on the north and ostensibly to intrude in Naharin (Mitanni) the country, whence it with a shame has returned – through Lebanon. As result of position of Egypt in the north of Empire began to weaken because of an antagonism with power Mitanni. Thutmose has been compelled to agree upon the world and section of spheres of influence with tsar Artatama I (the Egyptian variant of name Arbat). According to this contract, Northern Syria departed Mitanni. The contract has been fastened by marriage Thutmose with daughter Artatama.
Actually, the army of the Pharaoh with an advance party of chariots has overtaken fugitives of Memphis–Rome in area modern Taman in the beginning of 379. There was winter and waters of Black Sea in area of Kerch and Spit Tuzla have frozen. Romans – Israelis under management Flavius Theodosius – Arbat went on ice of Black Sea in Crimea. When heavy chariots of Pharaoh Thutmose IV have rushed behind those, ice has broken, and the most part of the Egyptian army was lost. For this transition to Crimea and the Balkans, a former part of the Roman province Moesia, the leader of Roman–Israelis has received on January 19, 379 a military title Dux Moesiae, becoming nominal name Moses.
Thutmose IV was the appeasable person therefore it has decided to settle problem in the peace way – the contract fastened by marriage between at enmity governors. In result the union between Thutmose IV and daughter Moses–Arbat–Artadama has been made. In turn, Moses married on Ethiopian with that interfered, on Bible sources, his relatives.
Nebmaatre Amenhotep III (Magnificent) is the Pharaoh of the New Kingdom of Egypt, board in 1388–1353 BC, actually 390–425, during lifetime of the father, Thutmose IV. The wife of was the Main queen – Tiye, at his son Akhenaten was. Amenhotep III has prolonged the union with Mitannian, established still his father Thutmose IV, having married on Mitanni princess Gilukhepa; the second Mitanni princess, Tadukhepa, has arrived to Egypt already shortly before death of tsar. One more, wife of Amenhotep III became the daughter of the Babylon tsar. We believe that Tiye just was Roman (Mitanni) the wife of the Pharaoh whom was born son, he has carried out subsequently religious reform – has establish Monotheism in Egypt.
Akhenaten (Effective to Aten), earlier Amenhotep IV, board in 1355–1338 or 1351–1334 BC, actually in 425–443 are the tenth Pharaoh of the New Kingdom of Egypt. Outstanding the policies, the known religious reformer during which board there were significant changes in the Egyptian life – in policy, religions (it for the first time has formulated principles Monotheism the religion based on reverence of the solar god Aten) and art. Amenhotep IV is son of Amenhotep III and queen Tiye, becoming the Pharaoh after premature death of senior brother Thutmose, and, probably, any time former co–ruler the father. Wife of Akhenaten is Nefertiti and Kiya, daughters is Meritaten, Maketaten, Ankhesenamun and etc. Akhenaten has one son is Tutankhamen, born when his father was already in old age only.
Official historians and Egyptologists do not know the reasons for the religious reform of Akhenaten, which is sometimes called the atonic revolution. The answer in our opinion is covered in activity of Hermes Trismegistus, living in 354–430 in Egypt. We identify Hermes Trismegistus with Augustine of Hippo, page 112–114 [5]. Cult of Aten we believe is the version of the Egyptian Christianity [5].
Smenkhkare (Strong spirit Ra), rules in 1338–1335 BC, actually in 443–445, is the Egyptian Pharaoh, successor Akhenaten and predecessor of Tutankhamen. He was son–in–law of Akhenaten – the husband of his senior daughter Meritaten; has been crowned at life of Akhenaten. With coming to power Smenkhkare began to struggle with Monotheism, supporting century beliefs of Egyptian nobility.

Pharaoh Tutankhamen is a contemporary of Attila.

Tutankhamun(en) (Living Image of Amun), originally Tutankhaten (Living Image of Aten), board in 1335–1325 BC, actually 445–455, is the Pharaoh of the New Kingdom of Egypt. He have been cancelled everything, that has had time to make Akhenaten, that has enlisted Pharaoh Tutankhamen which board long time counted little significant, in cut of the major historical figures ancient Egypt histories. He became one of the most known Pharaohs and the present symbol of old Egypt civilization, due to find in 1922 of his tomb, the unique almost not plundered Egyptian imperial tomb.
Due DNA research of Tutankhamen mummy, made under the direction of Roman Scholz, director of the center iGENEA, it was possible to identify Pharaohs of the New Kingdom of Egypt as Latin/Germans from Volga, Haplogroup R1b1a2. Europeans appeared also Akhenaten and Amenhotep II, and also more than 100 mummies of that period.
Times of board of Pharaohs Smenkhkare and Tutankhamen correspond to the second part of Exodus of Israelis – Romans under management of Khagan Attila which we identify with Flavius Aetius, Theodosius II and Joshua [5]. The second step of Exodus coincides with the second wave of Migration Period of Huns.
Kheperkheperure Ay is the Egyptian Pharaoh, board per 1325–1321 BC, actually 455–459, borrowing high posts at Akhenaten, Smenkhkare and Tutankhamen. Native of Ahkmim city, the relative (possible father) the wives of Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV) are Queen Nefertiti.
Djeserkheperura Horemheb board per 1321–1294 BC, actually 459–486, is last Pharaoh of the New Kingdom of Egypt. The new Pharaoh has completely forbidden Aten cult. In the political and military plan results of his board look is pitiable. The Egyptian Empire has stopped the existence, the Lower Egypt on Volga and Caspian Sea has left in history, the Egyptian possession in Asia, under the contract with "Hittetis", have been limited to Sinai and the extreme south of Palestine.
Simultaneously within his board the history of ancient Rome in the Volga region when in 476 last Emperor of Roman Empire the Flavius Romulus Augustus has died has ended.
Menpehtira Ramesses I is the founder of XIX dynasty of Pharaohs, board in 1294–1292 BC, actually in 486–488. Originally it sounded as Paramessu there was it from notable family of the Upper Egypt, probably, from Avaris, former capital of Hyksos (Romans). Attempt to win East Mediterranean at Hittites (Byzantines) has ended with failure.
Seti I is the Egyptian Pharaoh, rules in 1292–1278, actually in 488–500. He is the second tsar of XIX dynasty, son of Ramses I and Queen Sitre. The name of the Seti is means Belonging god Set. The full name of the Seti was Menmaatra Seti Merneptah. Within his board has been made Abydos Table of Pharaohs, since the first Pharaoh Menes.
Ramesses II (Usermaatre Setepenre), Ramesses the Great board per 1279–1214 BC, actually 500–566 is the third tsar of XIX dynasty, the son of Seti I and his wife spouse Tuya. Historians assert that Ramesses II Egypt has reached the maximal borders after disintegration of the Egyptian Empire of the New Kingdom that is incorrect.
As we known Ramesses II has erected the first turn of temple of goddess Hathor. The temple has been completed by his son Merneptah in 568. In construction were perfectly kept Round and Long Zodiac, which was precisely dated N.A. Morozov to 540 and 568 of our era [18]. Dates started and ended of construction Dender’s Temple perfectly coincide with reconstruction of time of board of Pharaoh Ramses II Great (500–566) and Pharaoh Merneptah (566–586). Thus, dating of board Ramses II prove to be true the astronomical data that is the incontestable proof of fidelity of our reconstruction of the Egyptian history and the found out chronological shift on 1780 years.

The Zodiac of Dendera, VI century.

Merneptah is the fourth Pharaoh of XIX dynasty, board in 1213–1203 BC, actually in 566–586. Merneptah was the fourteenth son of Pharaoh Ramsesa Great which reigned incomplete 67 years and has gone through thirteen senior sons. Merneptah has entered on a throne in old age (about 60 years), the truth, it was at authority last 15 years of board Ramsesses II suffering from the most different illnesses (that has confirmed the analysis of mummy of Ramesses).
The official history asserts that Merneptah Stele (Israel Stele) in 1213–1203 BC, actually in 567–577, is created within Merneptah’s board. On it the inscription narrating about Victory over people of Israel, and connected with a campaign to Palestine, is unique mention of Israelis in the Egyptian sources of the New Kingdom of Egypt. On our reconstruction of histories [5], this period of time is really connected to defeats Romans – Israelis in the east and blossoming Avar Khaganate in Europe.
Ramesses III is the Pharaoh of XX dynasty, rules in 1184–1153 BC, actually in 606–637. Ramesses III were last powerful Pharaoh of the New Kingdom of Egypt, and also his last great Pharaoh Warrior. It was possible not only to protect to it Egypt from external enemies in the person of Sea Peoples (in our hypothesis are Varangians and Vikings), but also to construct some temples, one of which temple in Medinet Habu.
Within board Ramsesses III the Sasanian Empire have attacked the Near East and in 614 have grasped Jerusalem during the Iran–Byzantium war which proceeded many years (602–628). In the Bible, these actions coincide with the Babylonian captivity of the Jews. Echoes of these events lay in the Egyptian chronicles and monuments. Sea Peoples here are identified with the employed by Romans the Varangians and Vikings of Great Bulgaria. Later they began to enter army of Ramsesses III as personal guards.
Ramsesses III sent an expedition to Land of Punt for copper. This is evidenced by Harris Papyrus [19], found in the XIX century, the text is well known. We are not satisfied with the interpretation of events given by Egyptologists. If we date the document at 1184–1153 BC, we find ourselves in the realm of fantasy. On ships from the Nile to the Red Sea can be reached only by skirting Africa. Also, how would the papyrus age of 3100 years old and a length of 15 m has been preserved to our days? In fact, when we dated papyrus at 606–637, we get a clear picture of the expedition. The trade mission was sent to Greece lands (Attica) in the Black Sea (Pontus) to the Bosporan Kingdom. Into the Black Sea have rivers flow "water, reverse current" relative to the Nile (Dnieper, Don). It was held an exchange of Egyptian goods to local curiosities including copper. Metal in such quantity (ten thousands) could be received only from mines of the Ural. They were called Chud Mines in honor of the local Finno-Ugric tribe. At that time, the Black Sea coast and the Volga region were part of a huge religious state created by the Great Khagan Kubrat, it is Emperor Heraclius Flavius. Power was called Great Bulgaria or Great Israel. The people named themselves the children of the Land of God, they are the Israelites. The ships of the expedition could pass along the Don to the channel with the Volga (near Sanctuary of Vesta), from there to get Volga and climb North to the Ural, where they expected the production of the required amount of copper. Then took the cargo and returned to Egypt.
Further Pharaohs Ramesses ІV–XI board in 1153–1070 BC or actually in 635–710 were in dependence from the Byzantium Empire, as component of Great Israel – Great Bulgaria. At last within board Ramses XI "Ancient" Egypt has been completely seized by Umayyad’s and has stopped existence as the independent state. Local tsars began to correct only in Tanis Nome.
Smendes (Greek form of Egyptian name Nesbanebdjed; throne name Hedjkheperre Setepenre) is the first Pharaoh of XXI dynasty, board during 26 years in Tanis (Pi–Ramesses or Qantir), approximately in 1070–1044 BC, actually in 710–736. It has proclaimed himself the Pharaoh during lifetime of the last Pharaoh Ramesses XI from XX dynasty.
During board of the Pharaoh of Nome Tanis by name Psusennes I in 1039–993 BC, actually in 741–787, the Umayyad Caliphate was conquest by Abbasid’s and Egypt became part of Abbasid Caliphate.
During board of the Pharaoh of Nome Tanis by name Pedubastis I in 817–793 BC, actually in 963–987, Abbasid Caliphate has been broken by Fatimid’s and Egypt became part of Fatimid Caliphate.
We finish the list of Egypt tsars with Pharaoh Takelot III, board in small territory in 767–755 BC, actually in 1013–1025. To call Pharaohs the regents of separate Nome after the end of the era of the New Kingdom of Egypt in the VII century, we believe wrong. To analyze Pharaohs of XXI–XXXI dynasties of the period in 1069–332 BC, actually in 712–1448, there is no need – independent Egypt did not existing anymore. The dates of the Board are probably wrong.

Conclusions of our research: The chronology of Ancient Egypt is shorter than the modern version for millenniums. The chronological shift of official dates to the past on 1780 years is confirmed (look Figure No. 2 below). The ancestor of the pharaohs of Egypt was Menes, who is also the Troy’s Aeneas, about 1184 BC. The History of Ancient Egypt and Ancient Rome are closely united. Pharaohs became representatives of two ethnos of the Volga region are Germen, Haplogroup R1b, and Ugrian, Haplogroup N1. The hypotheses put forward by us completely have proved to be true attribution of Pharaohs and governors with Tsars, Emperors and historical persons of Rome, Byzantium and the Bible, the astronomical data of Zodiacs and DNA tests of Pharaohs of the New Kingdom of Egypt. So, it is necessary to lead the big work on clearing history of Ancient Egypt, the Antic Rome and the neighboring states from mistakes and insinuations.

Pr. Dr. Valeriy Viktorovich Kubarev. 01–16.06.2019.

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19. Papyrus Harris I, 78, 1–4. Facsimile of an Egyptian Hieratic papyrus of the reign of Ramses III.

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