Emperors Lekapenos(920–945)

Kubarev V.V., Emperors Lekapenos (920–945), East European Scientific Journal (Warsaw, Poland), #1 (65), 2021 part 6. pp. 26–39. Link:

https://eesa-journal.com/wp-content/uploads/EESA_1_65_january_2021_part_6.pdf

Summary: Based on a thorough analysis of the chronicles of New Rome, Ancient Russia, Great Bulgaria and Arab sources, the author has justified the Finno–Ugric origin of the Macedonian Dynasty and the Lekapenos Dynasty. The details of the biographies, names, dates of rule and family ties of dozens of Emperors, Khagans and Princes of Byzantium, Russ and Bulgar coincide with great accuracy, which makes it possible to identify all the studied personalities with real historical figures. In local chronicles, they have different or identical names, depending on the national characteristics of the nicknames of the studied persons. Keywords: Lekapenos, Macedonian Dynasty, Ugric peoples, Rurik, Djilki, Russ, Bulgar, Constantinople, New Rome, Tsargrad, Flavian.

Statement of problem: The traditional historiography of the Byzantine Empire at the end of the XIX century came under pressure from the fantasies of Armenian nationalists trying to find the historical roots of their greatness in the disputed dynasties of New Rome at the end of the I millenniums. This phenomenon was caused by the fact that many dynasties of Emperor s were without a family and tribe, when none of the existing peoples and states made claims to kinship with them. Historians still ignore the true Finno–Ugric origin of the Flavian, as well as the deep political, military and kinship relationship of the Khagans of the tribes and peoples of the Volga region and the Caucasus with all the imperial dynasties of Ancient and New Rome.

The analysis of the last of research and publications: Since the end of the XIX century, Armenian historians have been actively pushing the version of the Armenian origin of the Macedonian Dynasty and the Lekapenos dynasty on the basis of the consonance of the Bulgarian names of cities and regions of Armenia with the names of the dynasties of New Rome. On the contrary, the author's research of recent years has proved that most of the imperial dynasties of New Rome are of Finno–Ugric origin, starting from the Flavian Emperor s of Rome.

Allocation unresolved before parts of the general problem: It is necessary to study the details of the biographies of the Princes and Khagans of Ancient Russia, Great and Danube Bulgaria, coming from the father and grandfather of Rurik, as well as his elder brother Djilki, and compare their dates of life, names and dynastic connections, with members of the families of the Macedonian dynasty and the Lekapenos dynasty.

The purpose of clause: The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed substantiation of the author's paradigm of the Finno–Ugric origin of the Macedonian Dynasty and the Lekapenos dynasty.

The basic material: In our early works [1–3], we proved that the Sabine genus Flavian belongs to the ethnic Ugric, Haplogroup N1, and originates from the Volga region. In particular, we identified the Great Khagan Kubrat with the Emperor Heraclius August Flavius, whose body was buried in a grave in Pereshchepino, and his head with a crown – in Constantinople in the Church of All Saints, later the name of the Apostles. In the direct senior male line, the family continued Bat Bayan up to Kan Karadjar (the Dark One), aka Emperor Constantine VI the Blind.
Arya–Uslan bore Karadjar two sons, the eldest of them Urus Ugyr Aydar (The Great Horseman Igor), Vol. III, p. 100 [4]. In the same years, according to the Byzantine chronicles, Constantine VI was married to Theodote, who also gave birth to two sons, but died or disappeared in childhood. According to the author's reconstruction of history, the eldest son of the Emperor, named Leo was transported to the Dnieper (Kara) Bulgaria, where he matured, renounced Christianity and became the head of the Khaganate of Russ (819–855). The second son of the Emperor was named Basil the Macedonian and from infancy was allegedly "in captivity" in Danube Bulgaria with his uncle Khan Krum. Only in 836 Basil managed to "escape" to Thrace and settle in Byzantium. This "flight" coincides with the first mention of the Russ military attack on Propontis [5]. According to the author, it is connected with the return of Basil to the throne of the local kingdom of Bithynia and the city of Prusa (the Throne of Russ).
Leo/Aydar founded two dynasties of Russia – the Orthodox Rurik dynasty and the Muslim Saklan dynasty of Volga Bulgaria.
Basil the Macedonian as an adult managed to regain his father's throne in 867 and established the Macedonian dynasty of Emperors of New Rome. The vicissitudes of the reign of Basil were accompanied by the attack of the ships of the Varangians of Russ the Askold and Dir [6], which had no other purpose than to help Basil.
As a result of these dynastic transformations in Greater Bulgaria and Byzantium, two brothers came to power, whose children and descendants were cousins, married and became co–Emperor s of the metropolis – New Rome for two hundred years.
Leo's youngest son named Rurik/Lachin (the holy falcon) had no children for a long time in his marriage to Umila, the sister of the Khazar Khagan Isaac/Izhak. As a result, he remarried to Efanda, the sister of the Prophetic Oleg/Oleg the Seer [7] in 869 or 870, when was born Igor the only son of Rurik. According to the author's reconstruction [1–3], the Prophetic Oleg/Oleg the Seer is the future Emperor Leo VI the Philosopher, and Efanda is one of the three daughters of Basil the Macedonian. After marrying a Roman (Urum) princess, Rurik was proclaimed co–Emperor by Constantine (869–879). Therefore, Constantine is not the son, but the nephew of Basil. Therefore, Igor Rurikovich is the great–nephew of Basil I.
The eldest son of Leo/Aydar, named Djilki/Shilki, after the death of his father in 855, headed the Khaganate of Russ and the whole of Great Bulgaria. In 882 Djilki died, passing power to his son Bat Ugyr (Igor), who ruled in 882–895, Vol. III, pp. 167–168 [4]. Rurik tried to seize power in the state, but Almush / Almysh / Almost / Olma defeated Rurik's troops and sent him into exile in Itil with his two wives, leaving his son Igor hostage in Kiev / Bashtu. Soon Rurik died of grief in Itil. In 882 the Prophetic Oleg appeared in Kiev, who took over the upbringing and guardianship of Igor Rurikovich. The Bulgarian rulers decided to leave Oleg to rule in Kiev. After Bat Ugyr, Almush (895–925/930) ruled in United Bulgaria.
The years of the life of Almysh are 855–925/930. The people of Kiev called him Olma. The PC for the 898 [6] describes the passage of the Ugric through Kiev/Bashtu with the further seizure of the lands of Moravia. Almush's first wife gave birth to sons Ghazan/Kazan/ Kurszan and Arbat/Arpad. The second wife of Almush was called Nushabi, she gave birth to Mikhail Yalkau, Mal and a daughter Zohra, Vol. I, p. 49 [4].
After the death of Basil I, the Emperor Leo/Prophetic Oleg (886–912) came to power. Leo's date of birth is listed as 886, which, in our opinion, is erroneous. According to the author's reconstruction, Leo could have been born around 840 and died at an advanced age, not at 26 years of age. On the mosaic in the Church of Hagia Sophia, he is depicted as an old man, not a young man. At an advanced age, in an illegitimate marriage from the point of view of the Church, Leo had a son – Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (905–959). Leo tried to make his son his co–ruler, but Alexander I and the elite of the Empire opposed this act. As a result in 907 Constantinople was again attacked by Russ Varangians led by the Prophetic Oleg [6]. According to the Russian chronicles, Oleg nailed his shield to the gates of Constantinople and concluded a profitable contract with the Emperor. In fact, the Prophetic Oleg and Leo is one person who achieved the right to crown his infant son, who became Emperor in May 908. Our identification of the Prophetic Oleg as Leo the Philosopher is confirmed by the opinion of Academician Shakhmatov and the border stone discovered in Bulgaria, on which the inscription is made that Oleg is the Emperor [8].
After the Rus ' attack on New Rome in 907, the Varangian Guard Corps, consisting of foot soldiers and warships, appeared in Byzantium on Leo's orders. Leo / Prophetic Oleg formed a tradition when an adult ruler takes care of the heir to the throne for many years. So he did with Igor Rurikovich, who became an independent ruler of Russia only after the death of Oleg at the age of 42.
The co–ruler of Leo the Philosopher in 886–912 was Alexander I, whose independent rule lasted about a year (912–913). After that in 913 the young Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus came to power.
In parallel with the intrigues in Constantinople, complex political events developed in Russia, connected with the rule of the senior branch of the Khagan Djilki, his sons and Rurikovich, who tried to create their own state. In fact, the Rurikovich ruled only in the north in Novgorod, and in Kiev–the capital of Kara Bulgaria, the governor of the Khagan sat. The Khagans after the death of Aydar / Russ in 855 were Djilki (855–882), Bat Ugyr (882–895), Almush (895–925/930), Ghazan (925–930), and Mikhail (930–943). Only in 943–945, Igor Rurikovich was able to resolve the issue of obtaining the right to rule independently in Kiev/Bashtu with the new Khagan Muhammad (943–976). However, Igor was soon killed as a result of a conspiracy of his sons, and the first real independent sovereign of Kievan Rus’ was a woman – Saint Olga. Therefore, to talk about the existence of the state of Kievan Rus’ since the time of the Prophetic Oleg in 882 is a mistake.
During the reign of Khagan Almush, the Khagan's palace, called Olmin Dvor, appeared in Kiev/Bashtu, which was a landmark of the city until the fire of the Tatar–Mongol invasion in 1240.
Accordingly Igor Rurikovich at the beginning of the X century was listed as a Prince and a major Voivode, and not the Grand Prince of Kievan Rus’. The ruler was Almush, his elder cousin. This is evidenced by the data from the book of Ahmad ibn Fadlan [9], who headed the Great Embassy of Baghdad to Volga Bulgaria and Bashtu/Kiev in 921–922. The participants of the Embassy visited the Volga and the Dnieper, visited Kiev and described its customs and rulers. They met with Khagan Almush in Kiev, but were unable to convince him to immediately convert to Islam, although the elite of Great (United) Bulgaria made this choice. The book goes into many details, which we will refer to below. All these facts are confirmed by the chronicle of the Djagfar Tarikhy of Volga Bulgaria [4].
So, at the beginning of the X century, the head of the Varangian Guard and fleet, Roman I Lekapenos, appeared in Constantinople. In the XIX century, historians took for granted the falsification of Armenians that Romanos I Lekapenos was an Armenian from the peasants. How a farmhand from the mountains could become a commander and admiral of the Russ Varangians? In fact, the Russ Varangians were commanded by Igor Rurikovich, the nephew of Emperor Leo the Philosopher/ Prophetic Oleg. Igor was considered the prince of Novgorod and the northern lands, and also visited Kiev, where Almush ruled.
Let us explain the origin of the nickname Lekapenos. It comes not from the name of the city or locality of Lakapa, which does not exist in Anatolia, but from the Turkic patronymic of Igor – Lachini, after his father Rurik/Lachin/The Falcon. Patronymic Lachini moved to Lakapenos/Lecapenos, because the letter "h" is not in the Latin or Greek language. Therefore, the nickname has many transcriptions – Lecapenos, Lekapenes or Lakapenos.
We identified Igor and Romanos, who lived in the same time (970–945/949), as one historical person [1,2]. Igor Rurikovich was a Christian, because coins from the time of his reign have been preserved, which depict a falcon (Rurik's totem) with a cross on its head. Igor and Romanos were married twice and had several children. Igor's first wife was Prekrasa [7], not Olga. They were married in 903, and Elena was born first. In Constantinople, the Princess was called Theodora, the daughter of the patrician Nikita. The couple had three children–Elena, Gleb and Theophylact, possibly another daughter. It is believed that Theodora died in 922. However, we believe that Theodora was exiled by Olga, Igor's new wife, in 922. According to the Bulgarian chronicles [4], Olga / Uldjay Anatyshka was the wife of Hud Anatysh, but in 922 was captured by Igor after the murder of her husband. Perhaps Anatysh does the word Dane. In the same year, she gave birth to her only son Svyatoslav, whom the Bulgars called Barys. Information about Prince Barys is confirmed by the Arabic chronicle [9] and the Bulgarian source [4]. In 925 an Arab doctor cured of the disease Barys /Svyatoslav, having made him promise not to accept Christianity. The same source claims that Igor's first wife hated Olga and became the wife of Mal, Igor's great–nephew. She demanded the execution of Igor in 945 or in 948/949 by means of two bent birches that tore the former Emperor in half, Vol. I, p. 86 [4] and PC [6].
Historiography attributes to Romanos I only 6 children is 1daughter and 5 sons, which is wrong. In fact, he had 3 sons: Gleb/Constantine, Theophylact, and Svyatoslav/Stefan. Christopher and Basil Lekapenos was the cousin and nephew second cousin of the Emperor.
Igor/Romanos first took custody of his nephew, Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, after Leo/Oleg's death in 912. Thus, he continued the practice of guardianship of the young ruler, imposed on him by Oleg/Leo. As a result, he promoted the wedding of his daughter Helena and Constantine VII in 919. The result of the intrigue was the receipt of the Romanos/Igor received the title of co–Emperor in 920. Elena lived a long life, gave birth to the heir to the throne, Romanos II the Younger, in 922, not 938, and died in 961.
Prince Gleb was identified [1–3] with the co–Emperor Constantine (924–945). In the Russian chronicle [7] there is a description of his murder by his brother Svyatoslav around 945. The Bulgar Code [4] also confirms the existence of the Russian Bek Gali/Galib. Constantine/Gleb was married twice. In 940 he remarried to Theophano Mamas, who gave birth to a son, Romanus, in the same year. We identify [2] Theophano Mamas with Malusha/Malka, daughter of Mal, and Romanos with Prince Vladimir/Volodimir. At birth, baptism, and accession to the throne, the rulers of that time received several names – Russian, Bulgarian, and Greek/Latin.
Information about Theophylact (917–956) is available only in Byzantine sources [11]. The child was castrated by his father. On February 6, 936 Theophylact was declared Patriarch of Constantinople. In 956, the Patriarch died in a fall from a horse.
The youngest son Svyatoslav / Stefan of the elderly Igor and Olga was born in 922 [2]. From birth, he developed an ailment that could not be cured by Roman and Russian doctors. Only in the 925 did a Muslim doctor help him. After that Svyatoslav/Barys remained a Tengrism/Vedic for the rest of his life. The information of the PC [6] that Svyatoslav was a child in 945 is erroneous. Apparently, there we are talking about Vladimir, who was 5 years old. Svyatoslav in 924 was proclaimed co–Emperor of Romanos I Lekapenos, as was his elder brother Gleb. Svyatoslav's throne name is Stefan. In the rank of Emperor, he lived until 945, when the Lekapenoses were expelled from New Rome. Svyatoslav was a brave and skilled warrior, participated in many battles and campaigns, in particular, led the combined forces of Russia, Bulgaria and Byzantium in the 960s, when he defeated the Khazar Khaganate. Svyatoslav died on the rapids of the Dnieper in 972. He was captured by Kura Khan and beheaded for not paying several measures of honey for travel, Vol. I, page 100 [4]. From the head of Svyatoslav Kura Khan made a bowl for baal (a drink made of honey). This cup was used for several hundred years for ritual purposes, including the accession to the throne of the next khan of Volga Bulgaria and the Golden Horde.
According to the author's reconstruction of the history [1–3], Almush (855–925 /930) is identified with the Emperor Christopher Lekapenos, reign (921–931). Christopher is not the son, and the older cousin of Romanos I Lekapenos. This fact is a priori confirmed by the information [10], according to which Christopher's wife was Sophia, the daughter of the patrician Nikita and the sister of Theodora, the wife of the Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos. According to the Bulgarian chronicles [4], the second wife of Christopher/Almush was Nushabi/Sofia, who gave birth to the co–Emperor s Mikael/Mikhail, Mal/Romanos and daughter Zohra/Maria/Irene, the future wife of the Bulgarian Tsar Peter I, Vol. I, p. 49 [4]. The years of life, origin, regions of residence, dynastic ties and influence on the surrounding world of the historical figures in question indicate that the figures of Great (United) Bulgaria and Russ occupied imperial posts in New Rome. The reality of the historical personality of Almush and his children, as well as the princes of Russia, is also confirmed by the Arabic chronicle [9].
Analysis of the period of the life of Emperor Christopher Lekapenos and his many children refute the well–established false stereotype that he was the son of Romanos I Lekapenos and in a short life managed to have three children. On the contrary, according to the Bulgarian chronicles [4] Almush / Christopher had five children (4 sons and 1 daughter) from two wives. There are several important points that allow us to clearly identify Almush as Christopher: the marriage with sister of wife of Romanos/Igor, years of life and "early" death in 931 and the daughter Zohra/Maria/Irene marriage to Peter I. An Arab source [9] confirms that Almush ruled in Kiev/Bashtu, he had sons Mal and Mikhail and a younger daughter Zohra, and the eldest daughter was abducted for marriage by the Khazar Khagan Aaron II, but died without accepting this marriage. Almush's children son Mal and daughter Zohra were held captive in Khazaria until 927 then returned to Kiev/Bashtu, and the daughter married the Bulgarian Tsar Peter I. The date of death of Almush/Christopher needs to be clarified. According to Bulgar sources [4], he could have died in 925, but there is evidence of his death in 930, since the reign of his son Ghazan (925–930) may have been in Hungary/Avars, not in a United Bulgaria. His second son Michael began to rule in 930 and is considered Baltavar/Emperor [4]. Therefore, the date of Christopher's death as 931 looks too high. We suggest that the date of Almush/Christopher's death is 930.
Let's move on to the children of the Emperor Christopher. The eldest son of Christopher /Almush named Arbat/Arpad was at enmity with his father, Vol. III, page 101 [4]. He did not accept Christianity and the policy of involving the Ugrians in the affairs of Byzantium as a result he led the exodus of the Ugrians/Magyars in 895 and went to Avars, where he founded the Kingdom of Hungary [4, 12] and the Arpad dynasty.
The second son of Christopher/Almush named Ghazan/Kursan was appointed co–ruler of Hungary by his father/Accidents together with Arbat/Arpad in 925–930. It is obvious that the chronology of the first rulers of Hungary is erroneous and should be guided by the Bulgarian chronicles as the primary source [4]. Ghazan like Arbat were not co–Emperor s of New Rome, because they had their own Kingdom, and they did not accept Christianity as a condition for obtaining the Imperial title. However, Ghazan/Kursan has the son Talib, the grandson of Almush, who became the Minister of the United Bulgaria in 960, and in the period 976–981 was considered the sole Khan, Vol. III, pp. 167–168 [4]. Talib had no family and no children. After the death of Talib in 981, Timar Mumin, the son of Mohammed, came to power in United Bulgaria, Vol. I, p. 95 [4]. The fate of Talib is completely intertwined with the deeds of the Minister Basil Lekapenos [2,4], known as the eunuch Basil. Historians consider him an illegitimate son of the Emperor Romanos I Lekapenosus. Basil was ruled by Byzantium in 945–985. The date of Basil's birth is 925, died around 985. Shortly after 945, after the castration of Basil, Emperor Constantine VII appointed him Parakimomen – head of the government [13]. We consider Talib and Basil Lekapenos to be one historical person [2].
The third son of Christopher/Almush from the second wife, Nushabi/Sofia, was Yalkau Mikael/Mikhail, Vol. I, p. 49 [4,9]. Mikael ruled in 930–943. He died during a ritual horse race due to intoxication in 943. At full gallop, his horse stumbled Baltavar fell to his death, Vol. I, pp. 81–82 [4]. Mikhail's reign was marked by the prosperity of a United Bulgaria. He had to die before the expulsion Lecapenus from Constantinople. Co–Emperor Michael Lekapenosus reigned in 931–945 the date of death of Magister Officiorum is "unknown". We identify Michael and Michael as one historical person [2].
The younger children of Christopher/Almush from the second wife Nushabi/Sofia had a daughter Zohra/Maria/Irene and son Mal/Romanos. The name Mal is most likely a nickname from the word small, junior. According to the Bulgarian chronicle and an Arab source [4, 9], Mal and Zuhra were held hostage by the Khazarian Khagan Aaron II from childhood. They managed to free themselves not earlier than the mid of 920s, when Zohra was married to Peter I, Vol. I, pp. 54–55 [4]. According to the Byzantine chronicles, the daughter of Maria/Irene of the Emperor Christopher was also married to Peter I in 927, which indicates the identity of the personalities of the Volga–Bulgarian Princess and the Roman Princess, as well as their father.
Prince Mal is identified by us with Romanos Lekapenos, the son of the Emperor Christopher/Almush, in detail in the article [2]. Mal/Romanos had numerous cross–links with the Rurikovich and Lekapenos. There is information about it in the Bulgarian chronicle [4] and the Arabic source [9]. Romanos I Lekapenos was considered co–Emperor, but Caesar in 927–945. The dates of birth and death are unknown in Byzantine sources. According to the Russian chronicles [6,7] and the Bulgars [4], he was the cause of the death of Igor Rurikovich / Romanos I Lekapenos. Putting together all the information, we claim that Mal / Romanos was a participant in a conspiracy against his uncle Igor/Romanos, after losing power in Constantinople to the Lekapenos in 943–945, was also married to his former wife, Prekrasa/Theodora, and demanded a wedding with his second wife Olga, after the death of his uncle. However, the Byzantine chronicles are silent about his future fate, but Russian and Bulgarian sources claim that his family remained in honor and the children became members of the elite of Russia. His the son Dobrynya received the post of Voivode of Great Novgorod, and the daughter Malka/Malusha became the wife of Gleb/Constantine Lekapenos, who gave birth to the heir of the Rurik dynasty – Vladimir. After the murder of Gleb/Constantine Lekapenos by his brother Svyatoslav/Stephen in 945, she became the mistress or wife of her husband's murderer, and Vladimir was adopted by him.
Malka/Malusha is identified by us [1,2] with Theophano Mamas, who gave birth to a son Romanos/Vladimir in 940. After the civil war of Russ and Byzantium in 941–944 [14], which ended with the expulsion of the Lekapenoss by paying tribute and concluding a favorable treaty with Russ (Igor, Gleb, Svyatoslav, Mal, Malusha, Mikhail, Vladimir, etc. [6,7]), the dynasty was interrupted. Then Vladimir marries his cousin Anna Porphyrogenita and decades later received the Title co–Emperor of his cousin Constantine VIII with the throne name and godfather name Basil.
The civil war between the Lekapenoses and the Macedonian dynasty continued in 945 with internal strife within the Lekapenose clan and Russ. Sons Gleb / Constantine and Svyatoslav/Stefan will go against Father Igor/Romanos, apparently accusing him of failing to retain power in New Rome. Gleb and Svyatoslav were supported by their cousin Mal/ Romanos. As a result, Igor and his army went to the Principality of Mal three times to demand tribute, but the last time he was captured and killed. The tragedy continued with the murder of Gleb by his brother Svyatoslav. The wife of Gleb is Malusha /Feofano became the mistress or wife of Svyatoslav/Stephen and she was forced to serve as a housekeeper to her great–aunt Princess Olga. Son Vladimir was adopted by Svyatoslav after 945. We have made these conclusions as a result of analysis information from the Russian chronicles [6,7], the Bulgar chronicle [4] and Byzantine sources.
Princess Olga visited Constantinople several times 12 years after the civil war in 955–957. Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus offered Olga to become co–Empress [15], but she remembering the last war wisely refused. This fact is another proof of the kinship relations of the Macedonian dynasty and Russ–Rurikovich.
The next proof was the war of Russ, Byzantium and Bulgar with the Khazar Khaganate in the 960s. According to the Bulgarian source [4], the war against Khazaria was organized by Basil Lekapenos, who was the Minister of Byzantium and the de facto ruler of the state with a break in 959–963. He paid several tons of gold to his cousin Svyatoslav for the organization of the army, which included the Varangians, Finno–Ugric tribes of Russ, tribes from Central Asia and Volga Bulgaria, supported by heavy cavalry and siege engines of Byzantium. The war ended with the defeat of the Khazar Khaganate.
At this time, Princess Olga organized a wedding between her grandsons Vladimir and Anna Porphyrogenita, which once again confirms the blood ties of the Macedonian dynasty and Russ. The young Emperor Romanos II and then Constantine VIII were under the tutelage and influence of the Minister Basil Lekapenos, while Vladimir/Basil II (940–1015) did not gain strength and power in Russia and in 985 overthrew Basil Lekapenos, his older cousin.
Vladimir/Basil II actively participated in the wars with the Danube Bulgarians, showed unheard–of cruelty and won several victories, putting the Bulgarians in dependence on Byzantium. For his exploits, he received the nickname of the Bulgar Slayer. Grand Prince Vladimir took part in the suppression of the revolt of part of the Byzantine elite under the leadership of Bardas Phokas and Bardas Skleros against his own rule and the rule of Constantine VIII in 988–991. In 988 he besieged Chersoneses and killed the ruler of the city with his wife [6,7], taking their daughter prisoner. In 989 Vladimir/Basil II defeated Bardas Phokas at Abydos, and then in 991 put an end to Bardas Skleros, placing him under arrest in Thrace. Under him, the guard corps of the Varangians of Russ in the number of 6000 soldiers regained strength and influence in Byzantium. According to the authors ' estimates, in the Byzantine Empire of that time, the Russian diaspora of at least 30 thousand people lived in the area of Blachernae. Thus, after the removal of the Lekapenoses from power, in the period 985–1015, the co–Emperor of New Rome again became a representative of the family of Russ – Vladimir/Basil II.
After the death of Constantine VIII in 1028, his daughters Zoe and Theodora remained in power in Byzantium. Competitors of the Macedonian dynasty tried to usurp power in the Empire. As a result Yaroslav the Wise (978–1054), at an advanced age in 1042 married the widowed Zoe Porphyrogenita, his cousin. Yaroslav received the throne name of Constantine Monomachos [1–3]. He apparently tried to make one of his son is co–Emperor. The opponents of the Macedonian dynasty conspired against the Prince. Consequently another Russ–Byzantine War in 1043 occurred [14]. It should be noted that virtually all the wars of Russ with Byzantium are connected with the confirmation of the right of the Kings and Princes of the Ugrians of the United Bulgaria to the throne of New Rome. Byzantium claimed that the Russ Vikings lost the war, but was eventually signed another peace Treaty and the Russian Prince Vsevolod married a niece of Constantine Monomachos, whose name is not known (Anastasia, Irene, Anna or Maria, 1030–1067). In a dynastic marriage, the heir to the throne, Vladimir Monomachos (1043/1053–1125), was born, who was no longer able to take the throne of New Rome.
Let's summarize our research and put the data on the rulers of the Macedonian dynasty and the Lekapenos dynasty in the Table No. 1. The Family tree of the Flavians, the Macedonian dynasty and the Lekapenos – Rus – Rurikovich dynasty will be depicted in the Figure No. 1.

Figure No. 1.

Conclusions of our research: The origin of the Macedonian dynasty and the Lekapenos was falsified at the end of the XIX century by the efforts of Armenian nationalists with the support of British historians, who failed to correctly identify the ethnic origin of the Emperor s of New Rome. The author investigated the biographies and deeds of more than fifty historical figures of the IX–XI centuries with royal and imperial titles, the dates of birth, reign and death of which are identical in most of the defendants, which can’t be a coincidence. The information is confirmed from cross–sources – Byzantine chronicles, Russian and Bulgarian chronicles, and the Arabic description of the Great Embassy. The author's conclusions are also justified by the details of all the Russ–Byzantine wars and famous dynastic marriages of Russ and Byzantium. The author proves that the Lekapenos dynasty consists of representatives of the Russ and Rurikovich family, ethnic Ugric haplogroup N1.

Pr. Dr. Valeriy Viktorovich Kubarev. 07.12.2020–30.01.2021.

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http://www.kubarev.ru/en/content/382.htm
13. John Julius Norwich, Byzantine: The Apogee. New York, Alfred P. Knopf, 1992, p. 167.
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15. Constantini Porphyrogeniti libri II. de ceremoniis aulae Byzantinae (Leipzig, 1751—1766, ed. J. J. Reiske), Vol. III. (Bonn, 1829).

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