Seleucus and tribal leaders of Rome

World in 323 B.C.

Clause is devoted to exposure of the most grandiose and skillful falsification of the history created by numerous "scientists" in XIX – XX centuries. This forgery refers to Alexander Great, known as the Macedonian conqueror and the master of the hugest empire of classical antiquity of IV century B.C. However in history, according to our researches, there was only one emperor Alexander Great, living in 880-913 and representing itself of tsar of the Macedonian dynasty of Russ [1]. We will address to the facts and we shall formulate our hypothesis.

In second half of IV centuries B.C. we notice capture of the grounds of east states by army of the soldiers who speaking in the Greek language and have left after of little bit empires, supervised by commanders of invincible army. All new states became samples Hellenistic cultures of Near East and Middle East, and also Africa within several centuries down to the beginning of Common Era.

A priori we confirm in the researches, that any Alexander Great in modern understanding of this term during this period did not exist, though some military leaders served in army with name Alexander, and also there were children of commanders with this name. Actually names Alexander and Phillip were the usual phenomenon in those days. On one of hypotheses (V.V. Makarenko) name Alexander this simply Arabian nickname, meaning reigning, given by the god.

Let's put forward hypothesis according to which gains Alexander Great IV centuries B.C. it is expansion of the union of tribal leaders of Ancient Rome located in delta of the rivers Volga – Akhtuba and named Bulgarian as Ulak – Urum, at support of cities – colonies of Ancient Greece, including Macedonia, to Asia and Africa. The basic impact of the union of tribal leaders of Ancient Rome has been directed from the north from Volga and Caspian Sea on the south – to Mesopotamia. The small part of armies of conquerors moved from Ancient Greece along Mediterranean Sea at joint support of fleet of Greece and Rome. The basic armies of the union were Roman, as well as commanders. However thus all conquerors spoke is the Greek language is the basic international language of dialogue of Ancient Rome and his colonies in those days. Latin has arisen much later.

"Macedonian" Empire in 323 B.C.

Let's look the list of Diadochi (successors) or commanders of mythical Alexander Great: Perdiccas, Antigonus I Monophthalmus, his son Demetrius I, Antipater, his son Cassander, Seleucus, Lysimachus, Eumenes, Ptolemy I Soter, Polemos, Craterus, Peiphon and Polypercphon. Perdiccas was lost early in 321 B.C. processes of formation of newly appeared empires had not time to come to the end yet. Antipater has died of an old age in 319 B.C. Peiphon has received Media in the western Iran, it is executed in 314 B.C. Polypercphon has died of an old age in 303 B.C.

The conducting naval commander of conquerors was Nearchus – it has made navigation through Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf. Lycia and Pamphylia (in the south of modern Turkey), becoming in consequence the Roman province have got to it in management. The data on leaders and commanders of Rome we shall reduce in the Table No. 1.

Let's lead the analysis of route of Alexander Great on gain of Asia, India and Africa. According to our hypothesis the basic impact of conquerors from Rome (Ulak Urum) in the Volga region fell to Babylon and Mesopotamia from the north. Therefore we shall critically estimate successes of Macedonian army at the first stage of war with barbarians of the east.

According to the official version of the history created in XIX century, Alexander Great, before campaign to Asia, has won Greece. These gains are described by the Roman historians through 300 – 500 years after original events that causes deep doubts concerning reliability of the specified works attributed to the Roman historians, and actually, forged by skillful scientists of the present.

Let's consider details of fight at Granicus (May, 334 B.C.). Person of army of Alexander (35 thousand infantry and 4.5 thousand horsemen) resisted to 40 thousand army at all Persians, and armies of peoples occupying Asia Minor and Anatoly (to 20 thousand infantry and 20 thousand horsemen), including the Greek case of Hoplites (2 thousand persons). Actually opponent Alexander was army of Greeks from Asia Minor. As result of the battle supervised by Alexander, his armies have lost 30 pedestrian and 85 or 120 horsemen soldiers. The opponent has been broken and the soldier has lost 10 thousand pedestrian and 1 thousand horseman. We have accustomed to admire with feat and genius Alexander, however we should understand that losses of armies are incommensurable. If Alexander had artillery and machine guns then we could believe in such grandiose success. In case of hand-to-hand collision on swords we shall name this fight by an invention of historians.

The following successes of army of Alexander are connected with siege pair cities in Anatolia, including Halicarnassus (Bodrum). At storm of it is casual (in crush) 40 Macedonians were lost, and armies of the opponent have handed over city practically without fight. Other cities have been simply seized without battles. We shall name this information usual lie. We shall note also, that Alexander did not have fleet in Mediterranean Sea. Ostensibly the Persian fleet was very strong; therefore Alexander had to dismiss the fleet. However how to conduct army operation within several years without rear maintenance has thought up nobody, except for the historians who have composed fairy tales on feats of Macedonians.

We believe that during that historical epoch have happened siege of cities of Asia Minor extremely during movement of tribal leaders of Rome from Mesopotamia on the West to Greece and the Balkans, and also during wars between leaders at the end of IV century B.C. These conflicts have received the name Diadochi wars.

In November 333 B.C. it was Alexander's next grandiose victory at Issus. The Macedonian army has consisted of 35 thousand infantry and 4.5 thousand horseman, they were resisted with an army of Persians in quantity of 100 thousand soldiers (according to modern scientists). They included 10-12 thousand Greek Hoplites the soldiers, capable to reflect any impact of the enemy. Macedonians have lost in fight of 300 pedestrian and 150 horseman soldiers. Persians (is Greeks of Asia Minor are more true) have lost all 100 thousand persons [2-4]. Thus the Greek sources estimated forces of Persians in 250-600 thousand persons, in fact only the Greek mercenaries Hoplites was 30 thousand persons. Losses of Macedonians in fight correspond to attack to the army of the opponent consisting of two-three thousand the soldiers. Therefore the described battle is the cleanest fiction.

Siege in 332 B.C. Tyre city, taking place on island, have lead for 7 months. To island filled road through the sea on which siege weapons came and have broken wall of 45 meters in height when around there were hundreds ships of Phoenicians, which ostensibly in any way did not prevent impudent Macedonians. In the same key storm of Gaza city is described. All these stories once again prove that we deal with the played imagination of swindlers from history, thought up fable. Accordingly any capture of Egypt in 332 B.C. was not, as well as Alexander's campaign in this country.

Real capture of Egypt by the union of tribal leaders of Rome has taken place later, about 323 B.C., and, probably, only in 305 B.C. when Ptolemy has declared itself Tsar of Egypt.

Reconstruction of direction of campaigns of Tsars of the tribal union of Ancient Rome.

We believe that the very first fight of the Asian campaign of tribal leaders of Rome with an army of Persians has taken place on October 1, 331 B.C. (date is determined according to an astronomical diary) at Gaugamela (Erbil in the Iraq Kurdistan). Under descriptions of the Roman historians [2-5] in fight participated on the part of Alexander 40 thousand pedestrian and 7 thousand horsemen. From the Persian party was 400 thousand pedestrian and 100 thousand horse on Justinus [5], but it agrees Curtius [4] – 200 thousand infantry and 45 thousand horsemen, and also 200 fighting chariots and 15 elephants. Losses of the parties have made – at Macedonians of 200 horsemen and 1000 infantrymen, at Persians is 30 thousand [3] or 40 thousand killed [4]. The others of ten’s thousand Persians have surrendered in captivity to skillful Macedonians. We shall be repeated what to count authentic such outcome of hand-to-hand fights on swords it is not obviously possible.

There was bloody fight between armies of tribal leaders of Rome and Persians. From both parties were lost ten’s thousand persons. Conquerors have won, as result of which the Persian power has stopped existence. Leaders of Rome have entered Babylon at the end of 331 B.C. Then the long-term campaign to Central Asia and India has followed. In these campaigns the Roman leaders were helped by nomad tribes of the Volga region and Siberia. Ever since in Central Asia has established East Bulgaria – part of Bulgarian Power originating in the Volga region. In the Indian campaign conquerors have had significant losses, have concluded peace contracts with local governors and have subordinated to their Ancient Rome. From India tribal leaders have overtaken some hundreds the fighting elephants accepting further participation in all wars of Ancient Rome. In the Rome in the Volga region coins with images of elephants, put on chariots and without them have appeared. In 323 B.C. army of conquerors have returned to Babylon. By 322 B.C. the union of tribal leaders of Rome has decided to divide the trophy grounds and the states between participants of gain.

Ostensibly Alexander Great, however on the back of coin it is represented by the old man.


Alexander I Balas with wife Cleopatra


Bust of Alexander Great


Mosaic with the image of emperor Alexander Great, X century.
Features correspond to bust of Emperor.

In 322 B.C. Ptolemy with armies has come in Egypt and has grasped it [6]. Actually name Ptolemy is nickname. The present name of tsar is not established yet. In Egypt it named Pharaoh Intef II (322 – 275 B.C.), the transitional head of the state before an establishment of the Average empire. We have received date of board of it according to our researches on which chronological shift downwards in history of Egypt on 1790 years [7] has been revealed. We believe that itself Ptolemy were the lineal descendant of Pharaohs of Egypt, rule in the Low Egypt on Volga up to 500 B.C. when Pharaohs have been expelled from Memphis – Rome in the Volga region and have located only in the Upper Egypt in Africa on Nile.

After capture of Egypt in the same 322 B.C. army Ptolemy has attacked Empire Cyrenaica and has grasped it (it is northwest of modern Egypt and northeast of Libya). Hence, Ptolemy it is independent without support of other tribal leaders of Rome and participants of gains were won by Egypt and began to correct, as the independent Pharaoh. Not such state of affairs has arranged all. In the spring 321 B.C. to Nile has arrive armies of Perdiccas, decided to challenge rights Ptolemy on throne of Egypt. During collisions among Romans – Macedonians significant losses have begun only in Nile at a ferry have sunk more than 2000 persons. In July of the same year the displeased army has arranged plot and has killed Perdiccas.

In 320 B.C. army of Ptolemy grasp empires of Phoenicia and Syria. Thus, we believe that descriptions of storms of cities Tyre and Gaza by Alexander's army are phantoms of military activity of Ptolemy in this region. In these battles of an army of conquerors sustained real and appreciable losses, as against fables about grandiose successes of army of Alexander Great. Soon to Egypt have been attached Cyprus and Coele–Syria. Egypt at Ptolemy’s rule became the powerful state.

Ptolemy I Soter with wife Berenika


Ptolemy I Soter

The traditional history asserts that in 324 B.C. commander the Craterus has allocated from Babylon back to Macedonia an army of veterans. Together with Antipater it has divided authority in Macedonia and Greece. Actually, according to our hypothesis is the part of an army of tribal leaders of Rome in 324-323 B.C. directed on the West from Mesopotamia to grasp to Anatoly and the Balkans. They had to be at war with seaside cities of Greece in Anatolia. Phantoms of these battles have underlain the "first" victories of Alexander Great on way from Macedonia to Asia.

As result of campaign on the West tribal leaders under management Antipater, Carterus and Leonatus have won Greece, Thrace and Macedonia. In history these events are described as Lamian war in which Athens and the Greek cities have suffered defeat. Leonatus was lost during war. The crater also has been killed in fight in 321 B.C. All authority has got Antipater. We shall notice that at Macedonians the numerous fleets has appeared in structure of 240 ships, as well as at Athenians. Overland war was accompanied with operations on the sea. Greece and Macedonia finally have been won in 321 B.C. By this moment the first Wars of Diadochi – began tribal leaders of Rome.

Empires of Tsars of the tribal union of Ancient Rome, 300 B.C.

Leader Lysimachus in 323 – 322 B.C. won Thrace, having established border of the possession down to Danube. Thracian Tsar Seuthes III in the chapter of an army from 20 thousand infantrymen and resisted to 8 thousand horsemen soldiers. In collisions the set of soldiers from both parties was lost. Lysimachus was at war also with Getae Tsar Dromichaetes and has won. Lysimachus rules Thrace about 323 B.C. and Macedonia about 285 B.C. to the death in 281 B.C. Tsar has fallen in fight against Seleucus at Corupedium in Phrygia.

The master of Greece and Macedonia Antipater has transferred authority to other tribal leader Polypercphon who corrected in 319 – 303 B.C. About 303 B.C. individual tsar there was son Antipater by name Cassander, rule the Macedonia about 316 B.C.

In 323 – 322 B.C. leader Eumenes with the army has seized power in Paphlagonia and Cappadocia. Actually it has seized all Anatoly’s coast along Black Sea, switching Bithynia and Pontus. In 316 B.C. Eumenes has won fight of tsar Antigonus, but has been captured and has been strangled by jailers.

In 323 – 322 B.C. leader Antigonus has received authority in Asia Minor then has grasped Syria. In 301 B.C. in fight at Ipsus (Phrygia) against Armies of Cassander, Lysimachus and Seleucus have suffered defeat and were lost. His son Demetrius I has kept authority in Macedonia and corrected there in 294 – 288 B.C. Descendants of Antigonus owned Macedonia down to 168 B.C., when at Tsar Perseus (179 – 168 B.C.) the country have grasped Romans, having established there republican build.

In 323 – 322 B.C. leader Peiphon has received Media (the Western Iran) in possession, participated in Wars of Diadochi while in 314 B.C. has not been executed by Tsar Antigonus.

Antigonus


Demetrius


Lisimachus


Lisimachus


Cassander


Cassander

The steady in time the states appeared Seleucid Empire in Asia and Ptolemaic in Egypt. We shall present data on dynasties Seleucid and Ptolemaic in Tables No. 2 and No. 3 accordingly.

The richest and the tidbit of the territories won by the tribal union of leaders of Rome, has got Seleucus and to his descendants. In 323 B.C. Seleucus became Tsar of Babylon and surrounding grounds. However has been expelled Antigonus and has returned to authority only in 312 B.C. Seleucus rules down to the death in battle in 281 B.C. After him the authority in Selevcid Empire has passed to his son Antiochus I Soter. Seleucus’s owned the huge country up to 64 B.C. when Romans again have won this country.

We believe that biography of Seleucus (the Roman, by name), became basis of legend about Alexander Great. Seleucus as Alexander was born on data Eusebius [8] in 356 B.C. as well. Seleucus has based some new cities in the empire. Gold coin of Seleucus with the image of favorite horse of Tsar is Bucephalus as we known. Hence, the Bucephalus is not horse of Alexander Great. To tell the truth, modern historians assert, that Seleucus so wanted to resemble Alexander that minted coin with horse of it. We believe that this explanation does not cost a penny. Besides Seleucus idolized itself, asserting that he is son of Apollo whom the ring with the image of an anchor has presented his mother. It is interesting that Seleucus at birth have the birthmark in the form of an anchor was revealed. The same birthmark was at children and grandsons of tsar. Seleucus has been married on Sogdia Tsarina Apama who has given birth to the successor of Empire.

Bust of Seleucus Victor (Nicator)


Coin of Seleucus


Horse of Seleucus by name Bucephalus, gold coin


Coin of Seleucus


Coin with the image of one of descendants of Seleucus

Comparison of names and nicknames of governors Seleucid and Ptolemaic in Asia and Africa, and also years of their board, finds out exact concurrences as which it is difficult to recognize casual. The analysis of these data requires special research which should be lead beyond the framework of the given work. We shall remind, that names and year of board of Pharaohs of Egypt of the Middle Kingdom undertook from our clause [1, 7] in view of chronological shift on 1790 downwards. The list of Pharaohs and times of their board surprisingly precisely coincide with the data of Ptolemaic board. Hence in history of Ancient Egypt the Middle Kingdom is submitted by board of Pharaohs Ptolemaic of the Roman origin from coast of Volga and Akhtuba. We shall notice that in I century B.C. in Egypt ruled two Pharaohs with name Alexander. It is possible to assume that someone has constructed the city of Alexandria of them on coast of Mediterranean Sea.

Let's return to events of IV century B.C. After gain tribal leaders of Rome of extensive territories in Asia, India, Africa and Europe Wars of the Diadochi have begun: the First War (321-320 B.C.); the Second War (319-315 B.C.); the Third War (314-311 B.C.); the Babylon War (311-309 B.C.) and the Fourth War (308-301 B.C.). An occasion for wars became requirements of the union of leaders on revision ostensibly unfair division of the grounds. We believe that conflicts of Diadochi have found the reflection in the Roman history as Samnite Wars (the First 343 – 341 B.C., the Second 327 – 304 B.C., and the Third 298 – 290 B.C.). Chronologically Wars of Diadochi came on the Second Samnite War 327 – 304 B.C.

Let's consider territorial purchases of the union of tribal leaders of Rome in Asia, India, Europe and Africa in context of chronology of Ancient Rome and the consideration of our reconstruction of history [1]. According to this matter Ancient Rome was in the Volga region, and began the expansion to the world from capture of territories adjoining to it in the East that then to transfer gains to Mediterranean Sea and to the Western Europe. Supply of armies of conquerors occurred on two directions. The first way from the north on the south lengthways the Caucasian coast of Caspian Sea and through port Ostia (modern Astrakhan). The second way was on the West through Bosporus Empire in two routes – overland through coast of Caucasus (Iberia) up to Pontus on the south on roads Anatolia and Sea way through Bosporus and Dardanelles to Mediterranean Sea, down to the Syrian coast whence opened.

Ancient Rome, it is Bulgarian city Ulak Urum – to the middle of IV century B.C. has economically got stronger the Egyptian Memphis and began to stamp the first copper coins about 350 B.C. Business and cultural communications of Rome with the Greek cities – colonies across all Mediterranean at this time have become stronger. Since Black Sea, Marmara Sea and Aegean Sea has, and finishing the Apennines Seas. Actually colonies were the Roman possession in which means of dialogue the Greek language was. According to the first state language of Rome is the Greek language, therefore early Roman coins Greek inscriptions were had. Silver and gold coins in the Balkan and Asian possession have simultaneously appeared. We shall attribute these coins to the first bank notes of Rome as they were minted by tribal leaders of Rome, since 330th B.C. This money has extended in huge territory from the Balkans up to India, including the north of Africa. On coins local Tsars – leaders of the tribal union of Rome were represented. Inscriptions on coins were in the Greek language. We shall notice that the most part of new Tsars had the Roman names.

The period of Wars of Diadochi come on the Second Samnite War (327 – 304 B.C.). Wars of successors of Diadochi have proceeded in 290th B.C. that corresponds to events of the Third Samnite War 298 – 290 B.C. We shall note, that in history of Rome there is date 312 B.C. when began construction of the Appian Way, which have connected Rome with Greece, Asia Minor and Africa [9]. In what magic image the road to the south in Capua (it is far from the sea and near to mountains) could adjust the message of Rome with other continents not clearly only to us as other historians count it normal. Actually the Appian Way should pass from Volga – Akhtuba on the south to Iran or on southwest to Bosporus Empire.

By 306 B.C. Roman fleet, trade and newly appeared empires have become stronger in all east Mediterranean on which Carthage dominated. This year Rome has concluded the contract with Carthage that the western part of Mediterranean Sea remains under the control of Carthage, including Sicily.

Expansion of Rome from the Volga region proceeded strictly on the West. In 265 B.C. tribal leaders of Rome have grasped Apennines, having undermined domination of Carthage. The first Punic War in 264 – 241B.C. therefore began. In 229 – 228 B.C. Romans have begun the first war with Illyrians with the purpose of capture of northern part of the Balkans. In 227 B.C. was formed new Roman province – Sicily and Corsica. In 218 – 201 B.C. the Second Punic War with Carthage has passed. In 168 B.C. the board of Antigonid going from Tsar Antigonus is the participant of the union of tribal leaders has interrupted.

In 149 – 146 B.C. was the Third Punic War ended with defeat and destruction of Carthage. In parallel these events Greece has got under full influence of Rome, having turned in province of republic. In 113 – 101 B.C. were frontier wars with the German tribes in the north of the Balkans and Italy. 73 – 71 B.C. were marked by revolt Spartacus. We identify the leader of "slaves" Spartacus to quite influential member of imperial sort of Spartocus (Bosporus Empire), going from the first tsar Spartocids. Hence, revolt of Spartacus could be located in territory of Pontus and the Black Sea coast of Northern Caucasus (Iberia). We believe that these events of 70th B.C. connected to gain Bosporus Empire by Rome.

7 stages of expansion of Ancient Rome from the Volga region in V - I centuries B.C.

In 63 – 64 B.C. was final destruction of empire Seleucid and transition of the country under the control of Rome. After some ten years, Romans have reached the Upper Egypt. In 30th B.C. they have selected authority at Roman Ptolemaic dynasty. According to our reconstruction of history [1], last women Pharaoh of Egypt of the period of the Middle Kingdom was Neferusobek (Cleopatra) ruled in 7 – 3 B.C. Change of an epoch of the ancient world by Common Era has passed under banner of transformation of Rome from Republic to Empire. Absorption by Rome of the grounds of descendants of tribal leaders of Rome in Asia, India, Africa and the Balkans passed easily as these territories from the basis were actual colonies of Ancient Rome in the Volga region.

Let's notice that in public consciousness the stereotype according to which Spain, Romans have grasped France, Britain and the Balkans first of all have become stronger. Actually the Roman expansion to the Western Europe began only in I century B.C. and was success only in I century. However, even in III century the Roman military expeditions to Britain proceeded. Accordingly Rome has first of all grasped Greece and Macedonia, then Asia Minor, Empire of Seleucid and Egypt in Africa but only has then engaged in development of the Balkans, Central and Western Europe.

The history of the Roman coins shows, that the present Roman names and inscriptions began to appear on money only in II century B.C. and Latin language began to be applied actively only from middle I century B.C. [10, 11]. From the Greek language on Latin we connect transition with formation of Roman Empire in I century B.C. and also with necessity glorify Imperial authority.

Thus, the hypothesis put forward by us that gains Alexander Great in IV centuries B.C. is expansion of the Union of tribal leaders of Ancient Rome, has completely proved to be true the known facts and an outline of historical events of an antiquity.

Grand Prince,
Professor of theology, Doctor of theology and Doctor of historical sciences,
Valeriy Victorovich Kubarev.
02-24.12.2015.

The Bibliography:

[1] Kubarev V.V., Vedas of Russ, M., 2009. Link: http://www.kubarev.ru/en/content/251.htm
[2] Diodorus Sicilian. Historical library.
[3] Lucius Flavius Arrianus. Alexander’s Campaign.
[4] Quints Curtius Rufus. History of Alexander Great.
[5] Marcus Junianus Justinus, Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus.
[6] Plutarch. The comparative biography. Alexander.
[7] Kubarev V.V., Chronology of Bible Egypt, Clause, June 2008, Link: http://www.kubarev.ru/en/content/201.htm
[8] Eusebius: Chronicle.
[9] Titus Livius. Ab Urbe Condita, Liber IX.
[10] Kubarev V.V., Attribution of Ancient Rome on Volga – Akhtuba on coins, Clause, 2008. Link: http://www.kubarev.ru/en/content/204.htm
[11] Harold Mattingly, Roman Coins from the earliest times to the fall of the West Empire, Methuen & Co. Ltd, 36 Essex Street W.C. London, 1927.

Text in format Word:

15869.docx